CBSE Cass 12th Biology Syllabus details have been provided in this article. The Biology subject is one of the subjects in the Science stream. Students should have complete information about 12th class Biology subjects so that they can prepare for the Board Exams. The Central Board of Secondary Examination (CBSE) releases syllabus of the each subject annually on its official website. Students can access the official website for detailed information about the syllabus of any subject. However, the 12th Class Biology syllabus details are given here. 12th class score will help you in higher studies. The preparation will also be helpful while appearing in JEE Main and NEET exams for engineering and medical courses admissions. Check class 12 syllabus details below carefully:
Table of Contents
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus: Marking Scheme
The Biology syllabus consists of Theory and Practical exams. Check details of the syllabus carefully:
Class 12 Biology: Theory Part
Maximum Marks: 70
Time Duration: 03 Hours
| Unit Title | No. Of Periods | Marks |
| Reproduction | 30 | 14 |
| Genetics and Evolution | 40 | 18 |
| Biology and Human Welfare | 30 | 14 |
| Biotechnology and its applications | 30 | 10 |
| Ecology and Environment | 30 | 14 |
| Total | 160 | 70 |
Note: Apart from the theory paper, there will be a practical exam of 30 marks.
CBSE 12th Class Biology Paper: Unit Wise Syllabus
Students can check unit wise syllabus in respect of the 12th Class biology paper below:
Reproduction
Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Modes of reproduction – asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction – binary fission, budding, sporulation, formation, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants; events in sexual reproduction.
Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; agencies and examples; pollination – types, pollen-pistil interaction; outbreeding devices; double fertilization; post-fertilization events – development of endosperm and embryo, special modes- apomixis, development of seed and formation of fruit; polyembryony; parthenocarpy, Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; gametogenesis – spermatogenesis and oogenesis; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea), parturition (elementary idea);
Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control – need and methods; medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, AI (brief overview).
Genetics and Evolution
Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation, deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, Mendelian inheritance; multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, co-dominance, elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; pleiotropy; chromosomes and genes; chromosome theory of inheritance; linkage and crossing over; Sex determination – in human being, grasshopper, honey bee, and birds; Mutation, sex-linked inheritance – haemophilia, Pedigree analysis, Mendelian disorders in humans –sickle cell anaemia, Phenylketonuria, colour blindness; Down’s syndrome, thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Central Dogma; transcription, translation; genetic code, gene expression, and regulation – lac operon; Human genome project; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence); Biological evolution: adaptive radiation; Darwin’s theory of evolution; Lamarck’s theory of use and disuse of organs, mechanism of evolution – variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, Gene flow, and genetic drift; types of natural selection; a brief account of evolution; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; human evolution.
Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (dengue, malaria, filariasis, chikungunya, typhoid, ascariasis, common cold, pneumonia, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence – drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Animal husbandry, tissue culture, Plant breeding, single-cell protein.
Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, Antibiotics; production and judicious use, sewage treatment, industrial production, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers.
Biotechnology and its Applications
Chapter-11: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; RNA interference, gene therapy, Human insulin; molecular diagnosis; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy, and patents.
Ecology and Environment
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, ecological adaptations; abiotic factors, population interactions – mutualism, predation, competition, commensalism, parasitism, population attributes – growth, birth rate, and death rate, age distribution.
Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Ecosystem: Structure and function; energy flow; productivity and decomposition; biomass, pyramids of number, nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); energy; ecological services – carbon fixation, ecological succession; seed dispersal, pollination, oxygen release (in brief).
Chapter-15: Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity – Concept, patterns, levels, loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; importance; endangered organisms, hotspots, Red Data Book, extinction, biosphere reserves, Sacred Groves, wildlife, national parks, sanctuaries, and Ramsar sites.
Chapter-16: Environmental Issues
Air pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; water pollution and its control; radioactive waste management; solid waste management; ozone layer depletion; greenhouse effect and climate change impact and mitigation; deforestation; case study exemplifying success story addressing the environmental issue(s).
CBSE 12th Class Biology Practical Exam Syllabus 2022
Here candidates can check information about the 12th Class biology syllabus in respect of Practical paper:
Practical Exam:
Maximum Marks: 30
Time Duration: 3 Hours
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
| One Major Experiment | 5 |
| One Minor Experiment | 4 |
| Slide Preparation | 5 |
| Spotting | 7 |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 |
| Investigatory Projects and its Project and its Record + Viva Voce | 5 |
| Total | 30 |
List of Experiments
- Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.
- Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for moisture content, texture, pH, and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.
- Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
- Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in the air at two widely different sites.
- Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity, and presence of any living organism.
- Prepare a temporary mount of the onion root tip to study mitosis.
- Study the plant population density by the quadrat method.
- Isolate DNA from available plant material such as green pea seeds spinach, papaya, etc
- Study the plant population frequency by the quadrat method.
Guidelines for Preparation of 12th Biology Paper
The candidates can check the following guidelines for the preparation of the exam:
- First of all, students should go through the detailed syllabus.
- Understand the syllabus and identify the important topics and accordingly, plan your preparation.
- However, students must cover the entire syllabus for a good score.
- It is always helpful to check last year’s questions papers to understand the examination scheme.
- Solve sample paper questions and try to solve within the given time limit.
- Prepare notes of important topics so that you can revise the same later.
CBSE 12th Class Syllabus: All Subjects
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